| 1 | Transaction authority | &signer | Address param + addr.require_auth() | 1.1 | β |
| 2 | Caller identity | signer::address_of(s) | the Address param itself | 1.1 | π§ |
| 3 | Multi-party authorization | multi-agent tx (N signers) | N auth entries in one tx | 1.2 | |
| 4 | Programmatic signing | resource account + SignerCapability | custom account (__check_auth) / invoker auth | 1.4 | |
| 5 | Module-to-module access | friend / public(friend) | β
β auth checks replace visibility | 1.5 | β
|
| 6 | Delegated authority | capability structs (MintCap, AdminCapβ¦) | role Address in storage + require_auth | 2.1 | β |
| 7 | Composable asset primitive | Aptos object model (Object<T>, refs) | β
β keyed entries or factory instances | 2.2 | β
|
| 8 | Enforced obligation | hot potato (no-ability struct) | β
β runtime checks in one invocation | 2.3 | β
|
| 9 | Storage operations | move_to / borrow_global / exists / move_from | storage().{set,get,has,remove,update} | 3.1 | β |
| 10 | State ownership | resources under user accounts | all state under the contract | 3.2 | |
| 11 | Mutable state access | borrow_global_mut writes through | get returns a copy; write only on set | 3.3 | β |
| 12 | Access declaration | acquires (explicit or inferred) | transaction footprint, from simulation | 3.4 | |
| 13 | State lifetime | state persists once paid | durability tiers + TTL + archival | 3.5 | β
β |
| 14 | Type-level guarantees | abilities key/store/copy/drop | β
β every value is plain data | 4.1 | β
β |
| 15 | Asset representation | Coin<T> value in hand | β
value objects β funds move only via token calls | 4.2 | β |
| 16 | Type-level asset segregation | generic entry fns, phantom params | monomorphic ABI; asset identity = Address | 4.3 | β |
| 17 | Data modelling | Move 2 enums / positional structs | #[contracttype] enums / tuple structs | 4.4 | π§ |
| 18 | Numeric semantics | signed types since Move 2.3, but amounts are u64 | token amount i128 is signed | 4.5 | β |
| 19 | Code deployment unit | module published at an address | Wasm hash (upload) + instances (deploy) | 5.1 | |
| 20 | Dependency linking | compile-time use other_module | runtime client to an address held in storage | 5.2 | β |
| 21 | Function visibility | entry / public / private | one exported namespace, all-public | 5.3 | |
| 22 | Initialization | init_module(&signer) | __constructor(env, argsβ¦) | 5.4 | π§ |
| 23 | Upgradeability | upgrade policy in Move.toml | upgrade entry point compiled in β or immutable by omission | 5.5 | |
| 24 | Transaction composition | scripts compose calls in one tx | exactly one invocation per tx | 5.6 | β
|
| 25 | Failure signalling | abort / assert! codes | #[contracterror] + Result / panic_with_error! | 6.1 | |
| 26 | Failure propagation | abort always propagates | callee errors catchable via try_ clients | 6.2 | β
|
| 27 | Overflow safety | overflow aborts, always | Rust semantics behind a profile flag | 4.5 | β |
| 28 | Call dispatch | static dispatch, reentrancy impossible | dynamic dispatch, host blocks reentrancy | 6.3 | |
| 29 | Metering model | gas schedule, no declaration | multidimensional declared resources | 6.4 | |
| 30 | Off-chain observability | #[event] + event::emit | #[contractevent], topics vs data, ~7-day retention | 7 | β |
| 31 | Fungible token standard | Coin / Fungible Asset standards | SEP-41 + Stellar Asset Contract | 8.1 | β |
| 32 | Non-fungible token standard | Digital Asset standard (token objects + refs) | SEP-50 (draft) β and no SAC-equivalent trustable tier | 8.2 | β |
| 33 | Unit testing | #[test(a = @0x1)], expected_failure | Env testutils, mock_all_auths | 9 | β |
| 34 | Formal verification | Move Prover (first-party, in-language spec {}) | no first-party tool β third-party Certora Sunbeam, Komet | 9 | β |
| 35 | Read-only queries | #[view] + /view endpoint | β
attribute β any fn via simulateTransaction; view is a call mode | 5.7 | β
β |
| 36 | Customizing token behaviour | static dispatch + DFA escape hatch (AIP-73) | dynamic dispatch is the only mechanism; the token is the hook | 5.8 | β |
| 37 | Event access on-chain | reading emitted events on-chain | β
on both β write-only in production, readable in tests only | 7.1 | β
β |